Saturation of Pauli Blocking in Near-extremal Charged Nariai Black Holes

Studying radiation processes provides a useful avenue for gaining a deeper understanding of black holes. In near-extremal black holes, thermal Hawking radiation is strongly suppressed, while the Schwinger effect becomes dominant. Moreover, the near-horizon geometry exhibits enhanced symmetry, which considerably simplifies the analysis. Prof. Chiang-Mei Chen in the Department of Physics, together with his Korean collaborator and student, solved the Dirac equation for charged fermions in near-extremal Nariai black holes with de Sitter (dS) geometry. In contrast to bosonic fields, fermionic emission is subject to Pauli blocking and therefore does not exhibit superradiant amplification. By exploiting a reciprocal relation, these results can be further generalized to describe Schwinger emission in anti-de Sitter (AdS) geometry. The work was published in Physical Review D 113 (2026) 025011.

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